Cultivar productos orgánicos completamente limpios no es tarea de todos. De hecho, debido a sus beneficios y al crecimiento del mercado, más agricultores buscan la certificación para convertirse en una empresa de confianza.
Por lo tanto, el certificado del USDA debe seleccionarse hoy. Sigue leyendo, te informaremos cómo obtener los certificados del USDA; y también conocerás más sobre sus estándares y qué se pueden considerar productos orgánicos del USDA.
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Qué es el Certificado USDA
Es una certificación orgánica para recolección silvestre, ganado y productos agrícolas; cumple con el estándar USDA NOP (Organic Production Standard) para el mercado estadounidense. Cabe señalar que la agricultura orgánica considera la idea básica de mantener o mejorar la calidad de la fertilidad del suelo; de hecho, no se producen ni utilizan productos químicos como fertilizantes nitrogenados artificiales o pesticidas. De esta forma, garantiza el bienestar de los animales. La certificación orgánica del USDA fue creada por el Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos.
Esto también es necesario para los usuarios que desean exportar sus productos orgánicos a Estados Unidos, incluso si estos productos han sido certificados en otros países.
Por todas las razones anteriores, para obtener este certificado, se deben cumplir ciertos estándares; excepto que debe ser obtenido por un certificador reconocido por el Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos; es decir, debe estar certificado por Control Unión.
Requisitos para el Certificado USDA
Para poder obtener el Certificado USDA es necesario contar con los siguientes requisitos:
- DNI, número de teléfono y dirección.
- Información general sobre los cultivos en el pasto, a saber: tipos de cultivos, rendimiento medio anual y superficie sembrada
- Especifique si ha obtenido la certificación orgánica anteriormente.
- Un mapa de dibujo / distribución de la pastura, que incluye lo siguiente: el tamaño y los cultivos de cada lote de tierra, los cultivos de los vecinos, la pendiente del terreno, el viento del norte y la dirección del viento.
- Especifique la entrada utilizada en los últimos cinco (5) años en el campo o en cada gráfico.
- Ficha de información para la identificación de semillas y plántulas: variedad, lugar de compra, marca, si son organismos orgánicos o genéticamente modificados (OGM).
- Indique el tipo de herramientas o maquinaria utilizada y especifique si son prestadas o en propiedad.
- Mencione para qué se usa el agua, de dónde proviene y si existe riesgo de contaminación o de sustancias químicas.
- Informar si existe riesgo de contaminación de vecinos o actividades habituales en la misma finca.
- Especificar la fertilidad: qué tipo de fertilizante usar, si se usa compost fresco, si se rota el cultivo, cómo implementarlo y definir si usar mantillo vivo.
- Especifique las principales plagas que atacan los cultivos orgánicos de su finca, cómo controlar y qué productos utilizar.
- Informe si se han utilizado productos regulados o prohibidos por el Ministerio de Agricultura en los últimos cinco (5) años.
- Haga una lista de posibles riesgos de contaminación.
- Describir el tipo de transporte que se utiliza para la agricultura orgánica, además de explicar qué medidas se utilizan durante el transporte para evitar la contaminación.
Cómo tramitar el Certificado USDA
Para completar la certificación de USD, se requieren cinco (5) pasos:
- Solicitud: Realice una solicitud a través del enlace a continuación enlace, complete el formulario y envíelo con los documentos requeridos.
- Inspección: después de verificar su aplicación, se organizará una inspección para garantizar que sus prácticas sean confiables para el cultivo de orgánicos. Cabe mencionar que una vez obtenida la certificación se realizará una inspección anualmente.
- Evaluación: El técnico revisará el informe de inspección. Si se encuentran opiniones o inconsistencias, se emite un «artículo de no conformidad». Solución: Luego de notificar el «producto no conforme», su empresa tendrá la oportunidad de brindarles soluciones relevantes.
- Certificación: Finalmente, después de haber pasado satisfactoriamente la inspección y revisión final, ha obtenido el certificado oficial del USDA.
Normas USDA
Las normas USDA se dividen en diferentes tipos, entre los cuales se encuentran:
Normas Orgánicas:
Los estándares que se cumplen dependen del mercado al que desea ingresar y su programa de certificación orgánica. Por tanto, a continuación se describen las reglas generales que deben tenerse en cuenta.
Normas de Producción Sana:
Para lograr una producción completamente orgánica, los materiales y el suelo deben estar desintoxicados. Además, se deben tomar las medidas necesarias antes, durante y después del cultivo.
- Antes de la producción: Han pasado tres (3) años desde el último uso de cualquier producto químico prohibido, las semillas completamente orgánicas deben usarse solas.
- Durante el proceso de producción: Evite el uso de productos prohibidos durante el período de crecimiento, también debe evitar usar la misma bomba de fumigación sin una limpieza adecuada. Asimismo, debe evitarse el uso de plaguicidas.
- Después de la producción: las herramientas utilizadas para cosechar, almacenar y transportar cultivos deben estar limpias.
Normas de Conservación del Ambiente:
Además de la agricultura, se deben tomar las medidas necesarias para cuidar elementos naturales como la tierra, el agua y el aire; considere los siguientes factores:
- No debe haber erosión en la tierra o la finca.
- Debe mantenerse la fertilidad del suelo.
- Los cultivos deben rotarse.
- Para evitar la contaminación, el piso debe mantenerse cubierto.
- Evite a toda costa quemar la tierra.
- Prevenir plagas y enfermedades.
Normas Contra Contaminación Foránea:
Debe tenerse en cuenta que la contaminación también puede provenir de parcelas o terrenos adyacentes, y aviones de aspersión. Por lo tanto, se deben tomar las medidas necesarias para evitar la contaminación de los cultivos por fuentes externas:
- Debe haber suficiente espacio entre el cultivo tradicional y el cultivo orgánico.
- Establecer barreras entre cultivos convencionales y cultivos orgánicos (como plantas frondosas). • Si es necesario, excave zanjas para evitar la escorrentía de productos químicos.
Normas de Trazabilidad:
Una forma de asegurar que no haya mezcla entre productos tradicionales y productos orgánicos, es llevando documentos que identifiquen el lugar y época de cosecha.
Por lo tanto, se deben mantener registros detallados para registrar todas las cosas realizadas en el diagrama, a saber:
- Indique todas las actividades realizadas, como sembrar, fumigar, abonar, cosechar, etc.
- Especifique la fecha y el lugar exacto de cada actividad.
- Cada producto, fertilizante o insumo designado para cultivos.
- Indique la temperatura del compost, la fecha de mezclado y si contiene fertilizante.
- Guarde las facturas de compra de consumibles y los recibos de venta guardados.
Importancia del Certificado USDA
Los productos con el sello orgánico del USDA son sinónimos de 100% orgánico; o al menos productos elaborados con al menos un 95% de ingredientes orgánicos. Esto significa que los productos con solo un 70-94% de ingredientes orgánicos no se pueden sellar.
Qué quiere decir que un producto sea orgánico USDA
Los productos orgánicos del USDA son productos cultivados de acuerdo con los estándares del Programa Orgánico Nacional del Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos. Estos productos son cultivados por agricultores responsables cuyo trabajo mantiene la calidad del agua y el suelo. En otras palabras, los agricultores no utilizan:
- Plaguicidas artificiales.
- Fertilizantes artificiales o lodos residuales.
- Plantas y animales genéticamente modificados.
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